Caliphs Timeline (2)

850:
The caliphs in Baghdad begin to employ Turkish slaves, or Mamelukes, in their armies.

1055:
Togrul Beg enters Baghdad and is granted by the caliph the title of sultan, which becomes hereditary in his Seljuk dynasty.

1171:
Saladin deposes the Fatimid caliph and brings Egypt back to orthodoxy, acknowledging the rule of the Sunni caliph in Baghdad.

1258:
When Hulagu and his Mongol army reach Baghdad, in 1258, it is said that 800,000 of the inhabitants are killed - and the caliph is kicked to death.

1517:
The last Abbasid caliph, captured by the Ottoman Turks, is taken as a prisoner to Istanbul.

1517:
From Bosnia to Egypt and Arabia, the Ottoman Turks now rule the largest Muslim empire since the early caliphate.